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ENGLAND / EVIDENCE NOTEBOOK / UPDATED 23 SEPTEMBER 2026

05 / THE DECISION GAP

Appeals, objections & NIMBYs

When a council refuses a scheme, an applicant can appeal. The inspector applies planning policy and material considerations. Local opposition can affect the debate, but objection totals are not a ballot.

Which councils have a poor appeal quality measure?

MHCLG’s January–March 2026 planning statistics say ten authorities were currently designated for the quality of decisions on major applications: Cherwell, Dacorum, Epping Forest, Hertsmere, Lewes, Malvern Hills, Rossendale, South Tyneside, Staffordshire Moorlands and Wychavon. Lewes was designated in May 2024; the other nine in June 2026. The formal threshold is more than 10% of all relevant decisions being overturned at appeal over the assessment period. This is not “over 10% of appeals allowed”. MHCLG §3.10 ↗

CherwellDacorumEpping ForestHertsmereLewesMalvern HillsRossendaleSouth TynesideStaffordshire MoorlandsWychavon

This official designation list identifies a group of concerning appeal outcomes; it does not rank them first to tenth. Different workloads and small denominators can distort a simple percentage.

How can local opposition affect a decision?

“NIMBY” (“not in my back yard”) is often applied to people resisting nearby development. Some objections raise genuine planning issues, such as flood risk, traffic, heritage or habitat effects; others focus on change itself. Residents may submit representations, organise campaigns, speak to councillors or seek changes to a plan. A committee may refuse a proposal against officer advice, and an applicant may then appeal. Each decision still has to rest on relevant planning grounds. Reading Borough Council says the volume of opposition is not itself a material consideration. Reading guidance ↗ Government decision guidance ↗

Do more objection letters mean more refusals?

Not established by these examples. A national correlation would need application-level objection counts, decisions, development size, site characteristics and appeal outcomes collected consistently across councils. We have not found or analysed such a joined national dataset. The contrasting cases below show why a simple claim would mislead.

TWO HIGH-OBJECTION CASES

Opposition did not dictate one outcome

ANGMERING / ARUN

Refused locally; allowed on appeal

Outline scheme for up to 190 homes west of Bewley Road. Angmering Parish Council reported over 1,700 formal objections. Arun refused the application in June 2025; the Planning Inspectorate appeal was allowed with conditions on 4 December 2025. This shows that a refusal with strong opposition can be overturned. The objection count comes from the parish council, while the outcome is on Arun’s register.

Parish report ↗ Appeal record ↗
CLOWNE / BOLSOVER

Large opposition; approval in principle

Press reports said more than 6,000 objected to the proposed Clowne Garden Village, yet Bolsover councillors approved the principle of the 1,800-home scheme in August 2025. This reported count and decision show that many objections do not automatically lead to refusal. Formal permissions and later reserved matters should be checked separately.

Reported case, 27 Aug 2025 ↗
WHAT THE CASES CAN SAY

Two selected applications cannot establish a statistical relationship. Their sizes, policy positions and planning merits differ. A proper study would use a broad sample and control for those differences.